Problem

There are quite a few problems when it comes to colonizing another planet. Firstly we have to find a planet that is like earth in the Goldilocks Zone, with a liquid freshwater surplus, and good soil to grow plants in. Even so we have to then get there and ultimately colonise it too. It is important for the planet to be in the Goldilocks Zone, otherwise it is inhospitable. If it is not in the Goldilocks Zone it is. either too close to the star and is too hot for life or it is too far from it and too cold for life and most of the water will be frozen. Also it must have fresh water as it is one of the basic needs for life, and there must be good soil with nutrients and minerals to sustain plants for food and as food for livestock. Getting there is another challenge as we have to use a lot of fuel to get to far away places since we don't have a cheaper or easier method to launch things into space yet, and the best options we plan to go will take longer than the human lifespan to reach using current technology. Lastly, colonising the planet has its own issues. We have to first have the money to colonise the planet as it costs money to develop buildings, and we also need to find access to oxygen, otherwise we can't survive. To get to anywhere in the universe we must overcome the gravity of earth, and we need this equation to do so. Weight = Mass X Gravity, so we can figure out our weight using this equations and thus we know how much force we need to overcome gravity.

Solution

Colonisation of other planets doesn't seem likely, but it's not impossible. We first have to create a semi permanent outpost to prepare the ground for a larger human presence. Habitats would need to be pressurised and filled with an artificial atmosphere made of nitrogen and oxygen. Astronauts would need to stay inside while robots did all the work outside. This is because of the radiation and the lack oxygen. NASA is planning to first make a moon base that will make colonization of other planets possible. The moon could serve as a stepping stone for further colonization, as it's much more likely than Mars. If we want to find an inhabitable planet where we don't need to stay inside at all times, it would take thousands of light years to get there. Geopolitical tensions also make it difficult. Before we can settle other planets, we need to cooperate with each other and stop harming our own planet.

Impact of The Solution on The Economy

Biosphere 2 was an experiment to see how artificial biospheres would work, if at all. This was for future use in case of colonisation of other planets. It cost 200 million US dollars. It had failed to provide breathable air and potable water as well as adequate food for 08 people. Perhaps if one would put in a bit more money for the use of modern technology, one may be able to sustain a team of astronauts on another planet. The base cost for such NASA's newest astronaut suit is approximately 228, 500 US dollars, however, it may increase. Robots are expensive when one first purchases them, but they make up for the cost with their work. They are a lot more efficient and faster than people. Astronauts have a salary of approximately 150,000 US dollars a year with NASA.(06) If one were to combine the cost of an astronaut's suit with an astronaut's salary, the cost of buying and maintaining a robot does not seem that high anymore. Generally, robots are cheaper than astronauts, especially in the long run. Robots do need to rest to recharge, so, they can work approximately as long as humans. An ADAM robot costs approximately 180,000 US dollars and is capable of filling drinks while engaging in active conversation. Serving robots cost between 10,000 and 20,000 US dollars and are capable of moving and avoiding obstacles. However, such robots involve hidden costs. For example, the programming and configuration of such robots can cost up to 50, 000 US dollars. The annual repair of such robots can cost up to 15% of their purchase price. Training operators may also cost approximately 10, 000 US dollars. (Please note that costs may vary as not all kinds of robots have been considered.) #Break#- Fun Fact- Unmanned spacecraft alone cost nearly one billion US dollars. Missions with manned spacecraft would almost definitely cost more. It has been estimated that a manned mission to Mars would cost approximately 500 billion US dollars. Direct Impact: Very brief and shallow explanation: The materials for a Biosphere will come from large enterprises which are seen as reliable. "Investors typically view smaller enterprises as having higher risk factors. Thus, they expect greater returns than what they consider acceptable from larger corporations that exude greater stability." Small companies are not seen as reliable and the business will go to large enterprises. The space suit will be made by a private company, leaving governments out of the circle. The salary which astronauts get stays with them, though they may spend it on shelter, electricity, groceries, water, heat and a few other things like luxuries and extra little things. The materials necessary for the robots will be bought from different companies, most probably also from larger enterprises which are seen as reliable. The same would happen when it comes to the programming of the robots. The materials necessary for the spacecraft will most probably also come from larger enterprises which are seen as reliable. The programming would come from larger enterprises as well. The following information will be based on an assumption that the solution will be done purely in Austria. Positive Impact: Some of the materials, for example, things needed for spacesuits may come from private companies. Generally, private companies are good for the economy as they and especially they are very progressive when it comes to the SDGs*. "The private sector has an important role to play in achieving the SDGs." Amongst the SDGs is no poverty. No poverty would mean people would be able to buy more as they have the necessary money, which would generally support the economy. There are approximately 1.1 billion people who live in poverty worldwide. This would mean that there would be a lot more spending. *Sustainable Development Goals Negative impact: Since large, often multinational companies are seen as more reliable than smaller enterprises, most of the resources will be taken from larger enterprises. However, this may cause smaller companies to lose business, eventually leading to them struggling and perhaps making themselves smaller or going bankrupt. However, smaller enterprises are a vital part of the economy. Larger enterprises are often in larger cities, with smaller cities and towns having close to nothing. Those smaller enterprises give those people there jobs and raise interest in those local communities. In addition to that, large enterprises often don't pay as much for taxes as other companies. They also don't help the economy as much as all the small and medium sized enterprises. In addition to that, they often try to evade parts of those taxes. So, if large enterprises still get a lot of business, they will continue on like this. A lot of small companies have switched to using more sustainable energy and even more plan to do so. Lots of companies have now started producing only green products and only green services, with lots more planning to do so. While this is bad in the short term, this is very good in the long run, as everything sustainable is good for the economy. If large enterprises are used, this nice bonus may not be included, at least, not to such a large extent. "34% of Austrian SMEs develop environmentally friendly products or services, against 30% in the EU; 62% of Austrian SMEs have implemented energy saving measures or switched to sustainable energy sources; 45% of Austrian SMEs have a strategy or action plan to become a sustainable company, against 34% in the EU; 58% of Austrian SMEs have implemented measures to reduce consumption or impact on natural resources, against 52% of SMEs in the EU; According to a study in Lower Austria – one of the strongest economic regions – 90% of SMEs in that region regard sustainability as a factor for future success; Austrian SMEs are also more likely to receive public support for implementing resource efficiency measures (47% vs 38%) or for producing green products (40% vs 25%)5 ." Overall, when one takes into consideration the previously mentioned points, I would say that the impact of the solution is negative. This is because of the impact of smaller enterprises on the economy and the typical path companies choose, which often leaves smaller enterprises out. This is also because of the impact of larger enterprises on the economy, which have a negative impact, to a large extent. Once more, because of the typical path companies often choose, larger enterprises are often favoured, as they are seen as more reliable.

Conclusion and Summary

"In the future, how might it be possible for humans to settle on other planets?". This was the problem we faced. The solution to the problem: "We first have to create a semi permanent outpost to prepare the ground for a larger human presence. Habitats need to be pressurised and filled with an artificial atmosphere made of nitrogen and oxygen. Astronauts would need to stay inside while robots did the work outside." This solution was picked because of the radiation which may be, as well as anything else which is harmful, harmful, in addition to the lack of oxygen. Additionally, we don't know a lot about other planets, which is why the solution is so cautious. If we lose a robot, we replace it. If we lose a human, it could pose problems not only for the morale of the people on the mission but also when it comes to labour. We have made no changes to the solution, and while working on this project, not much has changed in space exploration. This may be because this project was done in a very short period of time. The economy is strongly impacted by the solution, but also the environment, though we have not covered much of the environment as our focus was mainly on the economy. The problem is not completely solved. There is still much we do not know about space and other planets. Biosphere 02 was a failed experiment. It would take years of research and possibly a few failures before perfecting the concept of an artificial world. During this time of trial and error, a lot of money would be spent. It would take a lot of convincing to put such a large amount of money into a project which has a high chance of failing, since one simple mistake could be fatal. There is a lot of uncertainty in such a project. I am very sure that there are still things we have not thought of, which would also need to be solved. In the future, one should research more about most things in this project, especially artificial environments, such as Biosphere 02. One should also do a few trials, not long trials or large trials, simply a short and simple trial to get an idea of how it could go and how it should go and to be able to account for any more problems which may arise. One should also keep a close eye on the economy and the environment, as these are very fragile and can easily be destabilised.